All Creatures Great & Small Veterinary Hospital

Rat Care

Small Mammal Care

Rat Care

Pet rats are intelligent, affectionate, and surprisingly complex medically. Dr. Davis provides specialized care for rats — including management of the respiratory disease and tumors that commonly affect them.

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Why Rats Need Veterinary Care

Rats have a short lifespan of 2–3 years and are prone to several serious health conditions, particularly respiratory disease and mammary tumors. Because they age quickly, annual exams are especially important — a year in a rat's life represents a significant portion of their total lifespan. Early detection of tumors and respiratory disease can meaningfully extend a rat's quality and length of life.

Rat Services We Provide

  • Annual wellness exams
  • Respiratory disease diagnosis and treatment (Mycoplasma)
  • Mammary tumor evaluation and surgical removal
  • Skin and fur condition evaluation
  • Dental health assessment
  • Ear and eye evaluation
  • Bloodwork and diagnostics
  • Wound care and soft tissue treatment
  • Husbandry and diet counseling
  • End-of-life care and quality of life assessment

Respiratory Disease in Rats

Mycoplasma pulmonis is a bacterial organism that nearly all pet rats carry. It causes chronic respiratory disease that worsens over time, presenting as sneezing, wheezing, labored breathing, and weight loss. While it cannot be cured, it can be managed with antibiotics and supportive care to extend quality of life. Minimizing environmental stressors (ammonia from soiled bedding, cigarette smoke, dusty bedding) slows progression.

Mammary Tumors in Rats

Mammary tumors are extremely common in female rats — studies suggest over 50% of unspayed females will develop one. Most are benign fibroadenomas that grow rapidly but do not metastasize. Surgical removal is effective and recommended when tumors are small, as large tumors are harder to remove and more likely to recur. Early spaying significantly reduces mammary tumor risk.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should my rat see a vet?
Annual wellness exams are recommended. Given rats' short lifespans, yearly exams represent a significant health checkpoint. Rats showing any signs of illness — especially respiratory symptoms or lumps — should be seen promptly.
My rat is sneezing — should I be concerned?
Occasional sneezing can be normal, especially in a new environment. However, persistent sneezing, wheezing, labored breathing, or a clicking sound when breathing suggests respiratory disease (often Mycoplasma) and warrants a veterinary exam. Early treatment can slow progression significantly.
I found a lump on my rat — what should I do?
Schedule a veterinary exam promptly. Lumps in rats are most commonly mammary tumors (which can occur in both females and males). Most are benign but grow quickly. Surgical removal is most successful when tumors are small. Dr. Davis will evaluate the lump and discuss treatment options.
What do rats eat?
Rats are omnivores and do well on a high-quality rat block or lab block as their primary diet, supplemented with small amounts of fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional protein sources (cooked egg, small pieces of chicken). Avoid high-fat, high-sugar foods. Seed mixes are not recommended as a primary diet as rats will selectively eat the high-fat seeds and leave the nutritious components.
Should I get my female rat spayed?
Spaying significantly reduces the risk of mammary tumors and uterine disease. It is most beneficial when done young (before 6 months). The decision involves weighing the surgical risk against the high likelihood of tumor development. Dr. Davis can discuss the pros and cons based on your rat's age and health status.

Ready to book an appointment?

Our team at All Creatures Great & Small Veterinary Hospital in San Antonio is here to help. Call or text us today.

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